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Natural deep eutectic solvents and aqueous solutions as an alternative extraction media for propolis

Authors:

Funari, Cristiano Soleo 1 ;  Sutton, Adam T. 2 ;  Carneiro, Renato Lajarim 3 ;  Fraige, Karina 4 ; Cavalheiro, Alberto Jose 4 ; Bolzani, Vanderlan da Silva 4 ; Hilder, Emily F. 2 ; Dario Arrua, R. 2


 Abstract:

Ethanolic extracts of propolis are consumed for their health benefits even though direct consumption of alcoholic extracts is not always ideal. Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADES) can potentially extract similar compounds as alcoholic extracts while being better for direct consumption. Therefore, in this work alternative solvents for the extraction of green propolis including its biomarker artepillin C were examined. Sixteen NADES made from low toxicity chemicals, including the essential amino acid l-lysine, were explored along with twelve individual NADES components and honey, which showed similar physical-chemical properties to NADES. At 50 °C NADES made from choline chloride-propylene glycol or lactic acid proved to be equal or better than the benchmark EtOH:Water 7:3 (v/v). Alternatively, aqueous l-lysine appeared as a potential solvent for the preparation of aqueous propolis extracts. From these findings NADES, honey and aqueous l-lysine solutions all demonstrated the potential to replace ethanol or water for extracting green propolis.


1   São Paulo State University (UNESP), Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

2   University of South Australia (UniSA), Future Industries Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

3    Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Chemistry, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil

4   São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil


Link to article:   https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0963996919304375?via%3Dihub